ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE–Question Bank (All Units)

Anna University

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Question Bank

SUBJECT NAME : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

SUBJECT CODE : CS2351

YEAR/SEM :III / VI

UNIT I PROBLEM SOLVING

PART-A

1. What is Intelligence?

2. Describe the four categories under which AI is classified with examples.

3. Define Artificial Intelligence.

4. List the fields that form the basis for AI.

5. What is a Knowledge Based System? Explain.

6. List a few of the task domains of AI.

7. Describe the components of a KBS.

8. What id meta-knowledge?

9. Expand LISP and PROLOG.

10. What is a Production System?

11. Define state-space search technique.

12. List the steps in performing a state-space search.

13. What is heuristic search?

14. Differentiate Informed & Uninformed search. Give examples.

15. Define the logic behind – Hill climbing, Best-First Search, BFS and DFS.

16. What do you mean by Game Playing?

17. What are the components of a Game software?

18. What is a plausible-move generator? What is its role?

19. Define alpha & beta values in a game tree.

20. Mention some of the knowledge representation techniques.

PART-B

1) What are the four basic types of agent program in any intelligent system? Explain how did you convert them into learning agents?. (16)

2) Explain the following uninformed search strategies with examples.

(a) Breadth First Search. (4)

(b) Uniform Cost Search (4)

(c) Depth First Search (4)

(d) Depth Limited Search (4)

3) What is PEAS? Explain different agent types with their PEAS descriptions. (16)

4) Explain in detail the properties of Task Environments. (16)

5) Define a problem and its components. Explain how a problem solving agent works? (16)

6) Explain real-world problems with examples. (16)

7) Explain in detail with examples

(i) Iterative deepening search (8)

(ii) Bidirectional search (8)

8) How an algorithm’s performance is evaluated? Compare different uninformed search strategies in terms of the four evaluation criteria. (16)

UNIT II LOGICAL REASONING

PART-A

1. Differentiate prepositional & predicate logic.

2. What is clausal form? How is it useful?

3. Define a well-formed formula (wff).

4. List some of the rules of inference.

5. What is resolution /refutation?

6. Define unification.

7. What are semantic nets?

8. What are frames? How do they differ from semantic nets.

9. What are script? What is its use?

10. List the components of a script.

11. Mention the frame manipulation primitives.

12. Define forward and backward chaining. Differentiate the same.

13. What is means-end analysis?

14. Mention the strategies used in resolving clauses (unit-preference, set-of-support, best first)

PART-B

1) What is Greedy Best First Search? Explain with an example the different stages of Greedy Best First search. (16)

2) What is A* search? Explain various stages of A* search with an example. (16)

3) Explain in detail with examples

(i) Recursive Best First Search(RBFS) (8)

(ii) Heuristic Functions (8)

4) Explain the following local search strategies with examples.

(i) Hill climbing (4)

(ii) Genetic Algorithms (4)

(iii) Simulated annealing (4)

(iv) Local beam search (4)

5) Define constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). How CSP is formulated as a search prob- lem? Explain with an example. (16)

6) Explain with examples

(i) Constraint graph (4) (ii) Cryptarithmetic problem (4) (iii) Adversarial search problem (4) (iv) Game (4)

7) Explain with algorithm and example :

i. Minimax algorithm (8)

ii. Alpha-Beta Pruning (8)

UNIT – III

PART-A

1. Describe Bayes theorem.

2. What are the disadvantages of Closed World Assumption (CWA). How will you over- come it?

3. Define Non monotonic reasoning.

4. What are Truth Maintenance Systems? Draw its block diagram.

5. What are Bayesian networks? Give an example.

6. What is fuzzy logic? What is its use?

7. How Knowledge is represented?

8. What is propositional logic?

9. What are the elements of propositional logic?

10. What is inference?

11. What are modus ponens?

12. What is entailment?

13. What are knowledge based agents?

PART-B

1) (i) Define the syntactic elements of first-Order logic (8) (ii) Illustrate the use of first-order logic to represent knowledge. (8)

2) Explain the steps involved in the knowledge Engineering process. Give an example. (16)

3) Explain with an example

(a) forward chaining (8) (b) Backward chaining (8)

4) Give resolution proof for example problem statement :

(a) “West is a criminal” (8) (b) Curiosity killed the cat (8)

5) What is Ontological Engineering? Explain with the diagram the upper ontology of the world. (16)

6) How categories are useful in knowledge representation. (16)

7) What is situation calculus? Explain the ontology of situation calculus. (16)

8) What is a frame problem? (4) How do you solve the following problems in situation calculus?

(a) Solving the representational frame problem (6)

(b) Solving the inferential frame problem (6)

9) Write sort notes on

(a) Event calculus (4)

(b) Generalized events (4)

(c) Intervals (4)

(d) Fluents and objects (4)

10) Explain in detail the shopping agent for the Internet shopping world example. (16)

Unit IV

Part A

1. Define linguistics. List the general classification of languages.

2. Construct parse trees for given sentences.

3.Waht are grammars?

4.Give the syntactic tree for the sentence „The boy ate the apple.

5. List the types of grammars.

6. What is parsing? What is its importance?

7. Differentiate – Top down & Bottom Up parsing, Deterministic & Non deterministic parsing,.

8. What are Recursive transition networks (RTN), Augmented Transition Networks (ATN)?

9. What is the role of semantic analysis in NLP?

10. Define Natural Language generation.

11.List any two NLP systems.

12.What is distributed reasoning?

13. What are Intelligent Agents? What are its use?

PART-B

1) What are the components of agents? (16)

2) Define and explain

(i) Supervised learning (6) (ii) Unsupervised learning (6) (iii) Reinforcement learning (4)

3) How hypotheses formed by pure inductive inference or induction?Explain with ex - amples. (16)

4) (a) What is a decision tree? (4)

b) Explain the process of inducing decision trees from examples. (6)

c) Write the decision tree learning algorithm (6)

5) How the performance of a learning algorithm is assessed? Draw a learning curve for the decision tree algorithm (16)

6) Explain with an example

(a) Ensemble learning (4)

(b) Cumulative learning process (4)

(c) Relevant based learning(RBL) (4)

(d) Inductive logic programming (4)

7) What is explanation based learning? Explain in detail with an example. (16)

8) What is Inductive Logic Programming? Write FOIL algorithm for learning sets of first- order horn clauses from example. (16)

9) Discuss on learning with hidden variables : the EM algorithm. (16)

10) What is reinforcement learning? Explain (a) Passive reinforcement learning (b) Active reinforcement learning (16)

UNIT – V

PART-A

1. What are Expert Systems?

2. Briefly explain the knowledge acquistion process.

3. List the characteristic features of a expert system.

4. Mention some of the key applications of ES.

5. What is learning? What are its types?

6. Define generalization.

7. Define Inductive Bias.

8. What is Explanation Based Learning? How is it useful?

PART-B

1) Define the terms a) Communications (b) Speech act (c) Formal Language and (d) Gram- mar (16)

2) What are the component steps in communication? Explain the steps for the example sentence “The wumpus is dead” (16)

3) Contruct a lexicon and grammar for a small fragment of English Language. (16)

4) What is parsing? Explain in detail two parsing methods and give a trace of a bottom up parse on the string “The wumpus is dead” (16)

5) What is augmented grammar? Explain with examples

(a) Verb sub categorization (8)

(b) Semantic interpretation (8)

6) Discuss ambiguity and disambiguation. (16)

7) What is Grammar indication? Explain with an example (16)

8) Explain in detail

(a) Information Retrieval (8)

(b) Information Extraction (8)

9) What is machine translation? What are different types of machine translation? (16)

10) Draw the schematic of a machine translation and explain for an example problem (16)

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Theory of Computation–Question Bank ( All Units )

Anna University

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Theory of Computation
QUESTION BANK

Subject Code : CS2303

Subject Name : Theory of Computation

Year / Sem: III / V

UNIT-I AUTOMATA

PART-A(2-MARKS)

1 List any four ways of theorem proving.

2 Define Alphabets.

3 Write short notes on Strings.

4 What is the need for finite automata?

5 What is a finite automaton? Give two examples.

6 Define DFA.

7 Explain how DFA process strings.

8 Define transition diagram.

9 Define transition table.

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Analog and Digital Communication–Question Bank ( All Units )

Anna university

Analog and Digital Communication

QUESTION BANK

Subject Code :141304

Subject Name: Analog and Digital Communication

Year/Sem:II/III

UNIT -I

PART- A (2 MARKS)

  1. As related to AM, what is over modulation, under modulation and 100% modulation?
  2. Define modulation index of an AM signal
  3. A transmitter radiates 9 kW without modulation and 10.125 kW after modulation. Determine depth of modulation.
  4. Define the transmission efficiency of AM signal.
  5. Draw the phasor diagram of AM signal.
  6. Advantages of SSB.
  7. Disadvantages of DSB-FC.
  8. What are the advantages of superhetrodyne receiver?
  9. Distinguish between low level and high level modulator.
  10. Give the parameters of receiver.
  11. Define sensitivity and selectivity.
  12. Define fidelity.
  13. What is meant by image frequency?
  14. Need for modulation.
  15. Application of AM.
  16. What is meant by diagonal clipping and negative peak clipping?
  17. Define envelope.
  18. Distinguish between linear and non linear modulator.
  19. What are the limitations of AM
  20. Draw the envelope of AM
  21. Differentiate phase modulation and frequency modulation.
  22. When a signal m(t) = 3 cos (2p x 103t ) modulates a carrier c(t) = 5 cos (p x 106t), find the modulation index and transmission bandwidth if the modulationisAM.
  23. 23. What do you mean by narrowband and wideband FM?
  24. 24. Give the frequency spectrum of narrowband FM?
  25. 25 Define frequency deviation in FM?
  26. 26 state Carson’s rule of FM bandwidth?

27 Differentiate between narrow band and wideband FM.?

28 What are the advantages of FM.?

29 Define PM.

30 what is meant by indirect FM generation?

31 Draw the phasor diagram of narrow band FM.

32 Write the expression for the spectrum of a single tone FM signal.

33 Define modulation index of FM and PM.

34 Differentiate between phase and frequency modulation.

35 A carrier of frequency 100 MHz is frequency modulated by a signal x(t)=20sin

36 (200¶x103 t ). What is the bandwidth of the FM signal if the frequency sensitivity of themodulator is 25 KHz per volt?

37 What is the bandwidth required for an FM wave in which the modulating frequency signal is 2 KHz and the maximum frequency deviation is 12 KHz?

38 Determine and draw the instantaneous frequency of a wave having a total phase angle given by ø(t)= 2000t +sin10t.

PART- B (16 MARKS)

1.(i) What is the principle of Amplitude modulation? Derive expression for the AM wave and draw its spectrum. (8)

(ii) Describe the frequency analysis of Angle modulated waves. Explain their Bandwidth requirements. (8)

2) (i) A modulating signal of 2 cos5000t is amplitude modulated over a carrier signal of 5cos20000t . Derive expressions for the modulation index, LSB and VSB frequencies, Bandwidth and the ratio of Side Band Power in the Total Power of AM wave. (8)

(ii) Explain the principle of Angle Modulation. Derive and explain phase deviation, Modulation index, frequency deviation and percent modulation. (8)

3) (i) Write short notes on :

(1) AM voltage distribution. (4)

(2) AM power distribution. (4)

(ii) An audio frequency signal 10 sin 2*3.14* 500t is used to amplitude modulate a carrier of 50 sin 5*3.14*10^5 t. Calculate

(1) Modulation index (2)

(2) Side band frequencies (2)

(3) BW required (2)

(4) Total power delivered to the load of 600 _. (2)

4) (i) Compare FM and AM. (12)

(ii) The phase deviation constant in a phase modulation system is K = 0.01 rad/v. Calculate the maximum phase deviation when a modulating signal of 10 V is applied? (4)

5) In angle modulation, explain frequency deviation, percent modulation, phase deviation and modulation index with suitable example.

6) (i) Derive the expression for a Amplitude Modulated wave and draw its spectrum. (10)

(ii) Obtain a relationship between carrier and side band powers in an AM DSBFC wave and explain how power distribution takes place in AM DSB FC system. (6)

7) (i) Define modulation index for FM and PM and obtain the relation between modulation index and modulating signal for FM and PM.

(ii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of angle modulation with amplitude modulation.

8) (i) Distinguish between FM and PM by giving its mathematical analysis. (8)

(ii) Derive the relationship between the voltage amplitudes of the side band frequencies and the carrier and draw the frequency spectrum. (8)

9) In an AM modulator, 500 KHz carrier of amplitude 20 V is modulated by 10 KHz modulating signal which causes a change in the output wave of ï½±7.5 V . Determine :

(1) Upper and lower side band frequencies

(2) Modulation Index

(3) Peak amplitude of upper and lower side frequency

(4) Maximum and minimum amplitudes of envelope

UNIT - II

PART – A (2 MARKS)

1. Differentiate coherent and non coherent digital modulation methods

2. What is correlative coding?

3. Compare bandwidth of Mary PSK signal And Mary FSK signal

4. Sketch the waveform of PSK for binary sequence 1100101.

5. Differentiate QPSK and BPSK.

6. Differentiate ASK and FSK.

7. What are the type of digital data format.

8. Define minimum Shift keying.

9. Define Duobinary encoding

10.Define DPSK.

11 What are the advantages of QPSK?

12 Define Nyquist sampling theorem.

13 Define information capacity and bit rate.

14. Draw PWM and PPM waveforms.

15. What is the relation between bit rate and baud for a FSK system?

16. What are the advantages of digital transmission?

17. Define ASK, PSK and FSK.

18. What is meant by antipodal signal and give one example?

19. Why is ASK called as ON-OFF keying?

20. What are the differences between QASK and QPSK?

PART – B (16 MARKS)

1. (i) Draw FSK Transmitter and explain. Describe its Bandwidth Considerations. (8)

(ii) For a BPSK modulator with a Carrier frequency of 70 MHz and an input bit rate of 10 Mbps, determine the maximum and minimum upper and lower side frequencies, draw the output spectrum, determine the minimum Nyquist bandwidth, and calculate the baud (Assume f= 5MHz)

2) (i) Draw and explain the operations of Non-coherent and coherent FSK modulators. (8)

(ii) Draw QPSK modulator and explain. Describe its Bandwidth considerations. (8)

3) (i) Explain the principle of FSK transmitter and receiver. (10)

(ii) Write short notes on the spectrum and bandwidth of FSK. (6)

4) (i) Compare the various types of digital modulation techniques. (8)

(ii) Explain the eyepattern in base band digital transmission with a neat diagram. (8)

5) Describe FSK transmitter and FSK receiver.

6) Explain in detail carrier recovery with a suitable block diagram.

7) (i) Describe with neat diagram, the operation of a QPSK modulator. Draw its phasor and constellation diagram. (10)

(ii) Explain the bandwidth considerations of QPSK system. (6)

8) What is carrier recovery? Discuss how carrier recovery is achieved by the squaring loop and Costas loop circuits. (16)

9) Draw the block diagram of FSK receiver and explain the operation. Determine the :

(i) peak frequency deviation

(ii) minimum bandwidth

(iii) baud for FSK signal with a mark frequency of 49 kHz, space frequency of 51 kHz, and input bit rate of 2 kbps.

10) Draw the block diagram of QPSK modulator and explain its operation. For QPSK modulator, construct the truth table, phasor diagram and constellation diagram.

11) What is known as Binary phase shift keying? Discuss in detail the BPSK transmitter and Receiver and also obtain the minimum double sided Nyquist bandwidth.

12) (i) Illustrate the concept of 8 QAM transmitter with the truth table. (8)

(ii) What is the need for carrier Recovery? Explain the Costas loop method of carrier recovery. (8)

UNIT III

PART – A (2 MARKS)

1. State sampling theorem.

2. What is aliasing?

3. How to avoid aliasing effect.

4. Define eye pattern.

5. Define PAM.

6. Construct NRZ and RZ format for 011010.

7. Define adaptive equalization.

8.Define ISI.

9.Define Nyquist Criteria.

10.What is the interpretation obtained from eye pattern?

11. Define Nyquist sampling theorem.

12. For the signal m (t) = 3 cos 500 *3.14t + 4 sin 1000*3.14 t , Determine the Nyquist sampling rate.

13. Draw PWM and PPM waveforms.

14. Draw the Eye pattern and indicate how ISI is measured from it.

15. What are the advantages of digital transmission?

16. Define companding.

17. Define dynamic range.

18. Determine the Nyquist sample rate for a maximum analog input frequency of

(a) 4 KHz

(b) 10 KHz.

19. Distinguish between DM and ADM.

PART –B (16 MARKS)

1. State and prove Sampling theorem.

2. Explain various data formats with clear example.

3. What is eye pattern. What are the interpretations obtained from it?

4. Write notes on Intersymbol Interference.

5. Explain in detail the Nyquist criterion for distortionless transmission of baseband PAM signal

6. Write notes on adaptive equalization.

7. (i) Describe in detail the PCM technique with focus on its sampling rate, and signal to quantization Noise ratio. (8)

(ii) What is ISI? Explain the applications of eye pattern to detect ISI. (8)

8. (i) With a block diagram, explain the adaptive Delta Modulation technique. (8)

(ii) What is DPCM? Explain its principle with neat block diagram. (8)

9. (i) Explain the elements of PCM system with a neat block diagram. (12)

(ii) What is companding? (4)

10 (i) Find the signal amplitude for minimum quantization error in a delta modulation system if step size is 1 volt having repetition period 1 ms. The information signal operates at 100 Hz.

(ii) Describe the operation of DPCM system with a relevant diagram.(12)

11. For a PCM system with the following parameters, determine

(i) Minimum sampling rate

(ii) Minimum number of bits used in the PCM code

(iii) Resolution and

(iv) Quantization error

Maximum analog input frequency = 4 KHz

Maximum decoded voltage at the receiver = ± 2.55 V

Minimum dynamic range = 46 dB.

12. Describe DPCM transmitter and receiver with suitable block diagram.

13. (i) Draw the block diagram of a PCM transmitter and explain the function of each block. (6)

(ii) What are the types of sampling? Explain the operation of the sample and hold circuit. (10)

14. Draw the block diagram and describe the operation of a delta modulator. What are its advantages and disadvantages compared to a PCM system? (16)

15. What is companding? Explain analog companding process with the help of block diagram.

16. How does delta modulation differ from PCM? Explain delta modulation transmitter with the help of a block diagram.

17. (i) Explain in detail the Delta modulation transmitter and Receiver. (10)

(ii) Discuss the draw backs of delta modulation and explain the significance of adaptive delta modulator. (6)

UNIT V

PART – A (2 MARKS)

1. Define pseudo noise sequence.

2. Define spread spectrum technique

3. Differentiate Slow and fast FH SS technique.

4. Differentiate TDMA and FDMA.

5. Define processing gain for DS SS technique

6. What are the advantages of Spread Spectrum techniques?

7. Differentiate DS –SS and FH-SS.

8. Define processing gain for FH SS technique

9. What are the disadvantages of DS SS techniques?

10. What are the advantages of FH SS techniques?

11. What are the applications of spread spectrum modulation?

12. Design processing gain in spread spectrum modulation.

13. Define effective jamming power and processing.

14. What is the principle of frequency hopping spread spectrum?

15. A spread spectrum communication system has the following parameters;information bit duration Tb = 4.095 ms, PN chip duration Tc = 1 ms. Determine Processing Gain.

16. What is meant by slow frequency hopping and fast-frequency hopping?

17. What is frequency hopping?

18. What is meant by an orthogonal code?

19. Define Pseudonoise sequence?

20. What are the different types of multiple access techniques?

21. What is the significance of PN sequence?

22. What are the types of FH spread spectrum technique?

PART –B (16 MARKS)

1. Explain in detail the transmitter and receiver of DS SS technique.

2. Explain in detail the transmitter and receiver of FH SS technique.

3. Explain in detail the characteristics of PN sequence

4. Explain the two common multiple access technique for wireless communication.

5. Differentiate direct sequence and frequency hop spread spectrum technique

6. Compare and contrast TDMA and CDMA techniques.

7. (i) Draw the circuit of a P-N sequence generator and explain. (8)

(ii) Describe the concept of FHSS in detail. (8)

8. (i) Explain the principle of DSSS with coherent binary PSK. (8)

(ii) Compare between the TDMA and CDMA wireless communication systems.

9. (i) Write a short note on frequency hop spread spectrum. (10)

(ii) Explain the applications of spread spectrum techniques. (6)

10. (i) Give a detail account of the different types of multiple access techniques. (10)

(ii) Compare TDMA and CDMA. (6)

11. Discuss the frequency HOP spread spectrum with suitable block diagram.

12. Explain the source coding of speech for wireless communications.

13. (i) What is a PN sequence.? Explain its important properties. (8)

(ii) Describe with block diagram, DS SS binary PSK spread spectrum system. (8)

14. (i) Describe the operation of a CDMA multiplexing system. (10)

(ii) List the advantages of CDMA over TDMA multiple access scheme.(6)

15. With the help of block diagram explain how DSSS can be implemented. Draw the input and output waveforms.

16 Explain the frequency – hopped spread spectrum with a block diagram.

How PN sequences are generated?

17.(i) What is a Pseudo noise sequence? What are the properties of Pseudo noise sequence? (8)

(ii) Describe the application of CDMA in Wireless communication system. (8)

18. (i) With a block diagram explain, DS spread spectrum with coherent binary PSK. (10)

(ii) Explain the near-far problem in spread spectrum modulation? (6)

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Data Warehousing and Data Mining–Question Bank–2012 Edition

Anna University

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Data Warehousing and Data Mining

QUESTION BANK

2012 Edition

Sub Code : CS2032

Sub Name: Data Warehousing and Data Mining

UNIT-I

PART A

DATA WAREHOUSING

1. Define the term ‘Data Warehouse’.

2. Write down the applications of data warehousing.

3. When is data mart appropriate?

4. List out the functionality of metadata.

5. What are nine decision in the design of a Data warehousing?

6. List out the two different types of reporting tools.

7. Why data mining is used in all organizations.

8. What are the technical issues to be considered when designing and implementing a data warehouse environment?

9. List out some of the examples of access tools.

10. What are the advantages of data warehousing.

11. Give the difference between the Horizontal and Vertical Parallelism.

12. Draw a neat diagram for the Distributed memory shared disk architecture.

13. Define star schema.

14. What are the reasons to achieve very good performance by SYBASE IQ technology?

15. What are the steps to be followed to store the external source into the data warehouse?

16. Define Legacy data.

17. Draw the standard framework for metadata interchange.

18. List out the five main groups of access tools.

19. Define Data Visualization.

20. What are the various forms of data preprocessing?

21. How is data warehouse different from database? How are they similar?

22. What is data transformation? Give example.

23. With an example explain what is Meta data?

24. What is data mart?

PART-B

1. Enumerate the building blocks of data warehouse. Explain the importance of metadata in a data warehouse environment. [16]

2. Explain various methods of data cleaning in detail [8]

3. Diagrammatically illustrate and discuss the data warehousing architecture with briefly explain components of data warehouse [16]

4. (i) Distinguish between Data warehousing and data mining. [8] (ii)Describe in detail about data extraction, cleanup [8]

5. Write short notes on

(i)Transformation [8] (ii)Metadata [8]

6. List and discuss the steps involved in mapping the data warehouse to a multiprocessor architecture. [16]

7. Discuss in detail about Bitmapped Indexing [16]

8. Explain in detail about different Vendor Solutions. [16]

UNIT-II

BUSINESS ANALYSIS

PART A

1. Difference between OLAP and OLTP.

2. Classify OLAP tools.

3. What is meant by OLAP?

4. Difference between OLAP & OLTP

5. Define Concept Hierarchy.

6. List out the five categories of decision support tools.

7. Define Cognos Impromptu

8. List out any 5 OLAP guidelines.

9. Distinguish between multidimensional and multi-relational OLAP.

10. Define ROLAP.

11. Draw a neat diagram for the web processing model.

12. Define MQE.

13. Draw a neat sketch for three-tired client/server architecture.

14. List out the applications that the organizations uses to build a query and reporting environment for the data warehouse.

15. Distinguish between window painter and data windows painter.

16. Define ADF, SGF and DEF.

17. What is the function of power play administrator?

PART-B

1. Discuss the typical OLAP operations with an example. [6]

2. List and discuss the basic features that are provided by reporting

and query tools used for business analysis. [16]

3. Describe in detail about Cognos Impromptu [16]

4. Explain about OLAP in detail. [16]

5. With relevant examples discuss multidimensional online analytical processing and multi-relational online analytical processing. [16]

6. Discuss about the OLAP tools and the Internet [16]

7. (i)Explain Multidimensional Data model. [10]

(ii)Discuss how computations can be performed efficiently on data cubes. [6]

UNIT-III

DATA MINING

PART A

1. Define data.

2. State why the data preprocessing an important issue for data warehousing and data mining.

3. What is the need for discretization in data mining?.

4. What are the various forms of data preprocessing?

5. What is concept Hierarchy? Give an example.

6. What are the various forms of data preprocessing?

7. Mention the various tasks to be accomplished as part of data pre-processing.

8. Define Data Mining.

9. List out any four data mining tools.

10. What do data mining functionalities include?

11. Define patterns.

PART-B

1.

(i) Explain the various primitives for specifying Data mining Task.

(ii) Describe the various descriptive statistical measures for data mining.

[10] [6]

2.

Discuss about different types of data and functionalities.

[16]

3.

(i)Describe in detail about Interestingness of patterns.

(ii)Explain in detail about data mining task primitives.

[10]

[6]

4.

5.

(i)Discuss about different Issues of data mining.

(ii)Explain in detail about data preprocessing.

How data mining system are classified? Discuss each classification with an example.

[6]

[10] [16]

6.

How data mining system can be integrated with a data warehouse? Discuss with an example.

[16]
UNIT-IV

ASSOCIATION RULE AND CLASSIFICATION

Part A

1. What is meant by market Basket analysis?

2. What is the use of multilevel association rules?

3. What is meant by pruning in a decision tree induction?

4. Write the two measures of Association Rule.

5. With an example explain correlation analysis.

6. Define conditional pattern base.

7. List out the major strength of decision tree method.

8. In classification trees, what are the surrogate splits, and how are they used?

9. The Naïve Bayes’ classifier makes what assumptions that motivate its name?

10. What is the frequent item set property?

11. List out the major strength of the decision tree Induction.

12. Write the two measures of association rule.

13. How are association rules mined from large databases?

14. What is tree pruning in decision tree induction?

15. What is the use of multi level association rules?

16. What are the Apriori properties used in the Apriori algorithms?

17. How is predication different from classification?

18. What is a support vector machine?

19. What are the means to improve the performance of association rule mining algorithm?

20. State the advantages of the decision tree approach over other approaches for performing classification.

PART-B

1. Decision tree induction is a popular classification method. Taking one typical decision tree induction algorithm , briefly outline the method of decision tree classification. [16]

2. Consider the following training dataset and the original decision tree induction algorithm (ID3). Risk is the class label attribute. The Height values have been already discredited into disjoint ranges. Calculate the information gain if Gender is chosen as the test attribute. Calculate the information gain if Height is chosen as the test attribute. Draw the final decision tree (without any pruning) for the training dataset. Generate all the “IF-THEN rules from the decision tree.

Gender Height Risk

F (1.5, 1.6) Low

M (1.9, 2.0) High

F (1.8, 1.9) Medium F (1.8, 1.9) Medium F (1.6, 1.7) Low

M (1.8, 1.9) Medium

F (1.5, 1.6) Low M (1.6, 1.7) Low M (2.0, 8) High M (2.0, 8) High

F (1.7, 1.8) Medium M (1.9, 2.0) Medium F (1.8, 1.9) Medium F (1.7, 1.8) Medium

F (1.7, 1.8) Medium [16]

(a) Given the following transactional database

1 C, B, H

2 B, F, S

3 A, F, G

4 C, B, H

5 B, F, G

6 B, E, O

(i) We want to mine all the frequent itemsets in the data using the Apriori algorithm.

Assume the minimum support level is 30%. (You need to give the set of frequent item sets in L1, L2,… candidate item sets in C1, C2,…) [9]

(ii) Find all the association rules that involve only B, C.H (in either left or right hand side of the rule). The minimum confidence is 70%. [7]

3. Describe the multi-dimensional association rule, giving a suitable example. [16]

4. (a)Explain the algorithm for constructing a decision tree from training samples [12]

(b)Explain Bayes theorem. [4]

6. Develop an algorithm for classification using Bayesian classification. Illustrate the algorithm with a relevant example. [16]

7. Discuss the approaches for mining multi level association rules from the transactional databases. Give relevant example. [16]

8. Write and explain the algorithm for mining frequent item sets without candidate generation. Give relevant example. [16]

9. How is attribute oriented induction implemented? Explain in detail. [16]

10. Discuss in detail about Bayesian classification [8]

11. A database has four transactions. Let min sup=60% and min conf=80%.

TID

DATE

ITEMS_BOUGHT

T100

10/15/07

{K,A,B}

T200

10/15/07

{D,A,C,E,B}

T300

10/19/07

{C,A,B,E}

T400

10/22/07

{B,A,D}

Find all frequent itemsets using Apriori and FP growth, respectively. Compare the efficiency of the two mining process. [16]

UNIT-V

CLUSTERING AND APPLICATION AND TRENDS IN DATA

PART A

1. What are the requirements of clustering?

2. What are the applications of spatial data bases?

3. What is text mining?

4. Distinguish between classification and clustering.

5. Define a Spatial database.

6. List out any two various commercial data mining tools.

7. What is the objective function of K-means algorithm?

8. Mention the advantages of Hierarchical clustering.

9. Distinguish between classification and clustering.

10. List the requirements of clustering in data mining.

11. What is web usage mining?

12. What are the requirements of clustering?

13. What are the applications of spatial databases?

14. What is text mining?

15. What is cluster analysis ?

16. What are the two data structures in cluster analysis?

17. What is an outlier? Give example.

18. What is audio data mining?

19. List two application of data mining.

PART-B

1. BIRCH and CLARANS are two interesting clustering algorithms that perform effective clustering in large data sets.

(i) Outline how BIRCH performs clustering in large data sets. [10] (ii) Compare and outline the major differences of the two scalable clustering algorithms BIRCH and CLARANS. [6]

2. Write a short note on web mining taxonomy. Explain the different activities of text mining.

3. Discuss and elaborate the current trends in data mining. [6+5+5]

4. Discuss spatial data bases and Text databases [16]

5. What is a multimedia database? Explain the methods of mining multimedia database? [16]

6. (a) Explain the following clustering methods in detail.

(a) BIRCH (b) CURE [16]

7. Discuss in detail about any four data mining applications. [16]

8. Write short notes on

(i) Partitioning methods [8] (ii) Outlier analysis [8]

9. Describe K means clustering with an example. [16]

10. Describe in detail about Hierarchical methods.

11. With relevant example discuss constraint based cluster analysis. [16]

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Fuel Cells–Lecture Notes

Power Plant Engineering

Fuel Cells:

Chemical Energy of fuel is converted into low voltage direct current electrical energy.

Fuel & Oxidizer are stored external to the battery and fed to it when needed.

Fuel gas diffused through anode, it is oxidized e- are released to external circuit oxidized fuel diffuses the cathode , combines with e- which comes from external circuit and forms water and heat.

H2 is mostly used fuel.

Reaction: 2H2+O2 = 2H2O

Power produced in fuel cell depends on cell type, size, temperature, and pressure of gas.

Single fuel cell is used for small application, for larger application they are connected in series (fuel cell stacks)

Parts:

1. Anode:

H2 gas strikes on it and splits into positive and negative ions electron goes to external circuit.

2. Cathode:

Conducts electron from external circuit, distribute O2 to the surface. Recombination of hydrogen ions and O2 to form water.

3. Polymer Electrode membrane:

Conducts positive ions and blocks electrons. Permit only necessary ions to pass between anode and cathode.

4. Catalyst:

Speed up the reaction of O2 and H2.

Platinum Powder coated on carbon paper.

Click Here to Download Full Lectures.

Download :

Fuel-cell.pdf (3mb)

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Anna University of Technology Chennai is now changed to Anna University Chennai

Anna University of Technology is to be Closed From May 2012.

The current batch 2010 – 2014 is the first n last batch of Anna University of Technology Chennai.

The Students from Anna University of Technology Who Admitted In The Year 2010 Will Come Under The Control Anna University,Chennai from March 2012.

Government of Tamil Nadu had Announced The Merging Of Current 2010-2014 Batch With Anna University,Chennai.

Anna University Chennai Is Going To Taking Charge To Conduct April/May 2012 Examination For Present Second Year(4th Semester)

The New Register Number From Anna University,Chennai Will Be allotted To Each And Every Students Who Doing Their Current Fourth Semester Under Anna University Of Technology,Chennai .

The 11 Digit Register Number Will Be Given To Students Instead Of Your Present 7 Digit Register Number , Kindly Contact College Official People For The New Register Number.

Mark Sheets For Each semester(previous Semester 1-3) Likely To Be Issued From Anna University,Chennai

Subject Codes also to Be Changed.

Now  You Can Easily Remember Your Register Number Because It Composed Of (Three digit college code|year of joining|Department Code|Actual Number) -

Example : "123|10|105|001"

Anna university April/May 2012 Examination Will starts for 03.05.2012 for fourth semester BE/BTECH students who Admitted in 2010

The official news we received is the practical exam slots is from April 15 – 25.

So Schedule For April/May 2012 Examination Will Be Announced By Anna University,Chennai Along With Current 6th,8th Semester(Actually AU,CHENNAI)

So Results, Academic Schedules,Time Table etc Except Upcoming nov/dec 2011 Review Procedures cum results Will Be Take Care Of Anna university,Chennai

The Main Thing To Notice Is That Students Can Easily Identify The Subject With Subject Codes (Instead of "141302" ==> EE2236) , In Addition With Each Semesters.

The current REVALUATION RESULTS of Anna University of technology paper evaluation is not stratified nearly 95% of students, Hope future Anna University Chennai will evaluate the paper properly.

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Anna University of Technology - Chennai - 3rd Semester Nov/Dec 2011 REVALUATION RESULTS

 
Anna university of Technology - Chennai
Anna University of Technology had announced the REVALUATION RESULTS for 3rd semester held on Nov / Dec 2011.
Candidates can view the result from the following links:

VP Server Link :
Anna Tech Chennai :

EXAMINATION RESULTS PORTAL

Enter Your Registration No
:
Exam Result Set
:


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Highway Engineering–2 Marks with answers (Part 1)

Anna University

Department of Civil Engineering

Subject Name: Highway Engineering

Subject Code: CE 1255

Part 1 of 2  - Two Mark Question with answers

1. Define central road fund?

On the recornmendation of Jayhawker committee, central Road fund came into existence on 1st march 1929, Upon the authority of a resolution adopted by the Indian legislature.

2. Define National Highway Act 1956?

In 1956, National Highway act was passed declaring the National Highways and empowering the central Govt to declare any other highway to be NH. This act came into force with effect from 15th April 1957.

3. Explain CRRI?

CRRI- The central Road Research Institute Delhi in 1950 It is an organ of the council of scientific and industrial research, and in function include.

4. Write Short notes on Highway Research Board? This board was set up by I.R.C in 1973 to give proper direction and guidance to road research work in India.

5. What are classified roads in Nagpur plan?

1. National Highways (NH)

2. State Highways (SH)

3. District Roads:

(1) Major district Roads

(2) Other district Roads

4. Village roads.

6. Define Express ways?

These roads are of higher, day than National highway. There are Such roads on which only font moving vehicles like car and jeeps are classified.

7. What are the modified classification of Road system by Third RDP (1981- 2001)

1. Primary System

2. Secondary System

3. Tertiary system

8. What are type of Road patterns?

1. Rectangular (or) Black pattern.

2. Radial (or) Star and black pattern.

9. Write short notes or Nagpur plan (or) Its 20-year Road plan.

The first attempt for proper Scientific planning of roads in India, Wan made in chief Engineers conference held at Nagpur in 1943. Nagpur conference finalized at 20 years (1943-1963) road development plan.

10. Write short notes on Second twenty year road plan (1961-81)

A Second road development programmer (1961-81) was finalized by the chief engineers connected with road development, both at centre and Staten in a meeting held at Hyde Chad in 1959.

11. What are the fundamental principles of alignment?

1. Length of road should be shortest

2. The Proposed road should form a most economical line.

3. The alignment should provide corny.

12. What are the function which control the selection of alignment?

1. Volume and type of traffic

2. Obligatory points

3. Canal river (or) railway crossings

4. Geotechnical standard to he adopted

13. Define obligatory point?

Obligatory point are such points which act to control points in highway alignment.

14. What are special considerations for him road alignment?

1. Stability 2. Drainage 3. Geometric standard 4. Deep writing

and heavy fillings should he avoided.

15. What are the varies type of Engineering surveys?

1. Map shady

2. Reconnaissance survey

3. Preliminary survey

4. Detailed Survey

16. What are two type of road project?

1. A new highway Project

2. Re-alignment (or) revenging Highway project

17. What are head involved in Highway Geometric?

1. Cross Section eleventh like camber, Super elevation

2. Sight distance character sight like stopping sight distance, overtaking sight distance etc.

3. Honzontal and vertical alignments

18. Define camber?

Traverse slope given to the road surface in called camber. It is provided mainly to drain off rain water from the road surface.

19. What are the factors deepens on camber?

1. Account of Surface

2. Type ground surface

20. What camber recommended in WBM Road?

Water Bound Macadam road

1 to 33 (3%) 1 in 40 (2.5%).

21. What camber recommended in bihiminour road?

Bihiminour surface 1 in 40 (2.5%) 1 in 50 (2%)

22. What camber recommended in cement concrete Road?

Cement concrete Road 1 in 50 (2%) 1 in 60 (1.7%)

23. What are the different type of camber?

1. parabolic camber

2. Sloped camber

3. Composite camber

24. Define carriage way width?

Metal led puce strip of road meant for vehicular traffic movement in called carriage way.

25. Define dual carriageways?

Each portion of the carriageway is reserved for traffic moving in opposite direction. Such carriage ways are called dual carriageways.

26. What are the width of carriage way in meteor two lane without raised wert state highways?

State highways 7.0 m

27. Write note on high speed barrier herb?

This herb is 23cm to 45cm to height . This herb is mainly used at initial location such as bridge and hill roads.

28. Define formation width?

Formation width is also called road way. It is the sum of width of carriage way shoulders, and separations it provided

29. Define Right of way:-

Area to the acquired along the road alignment in called right of way.

30. Define sight distance?

Sight distance in the actual length of road over which a driver sitting at a specified height in a vehicle can see objects either moving (or) stationary on the road surface.

31. What are classification of sight distance depending upon the situation?

1. Stopping sight distance

2. Sate overtaking sight distance

3. Sight distance at intersection

32. Define S.S. D?

Stopping sight distance is the minimum distance required with in which a vehicle moving at designed speed can be stopped without colliding with a stationary object on the road surface.

33. What is the height of driver eye above the road surface?

IRC recommended height of driver eye is 1.22m.

34. Define reaction time:-

It is the time in seconds which a driver can take from the instant the objects visible to him to the instant the brakes are effectively applied.

35. Define perception period?

Perception period is the time taken by an average driver to realize a danger a head before actually trying to apply the breaker.

36. Define overtaking sight distance (OSD)

The distance visible to the driver of a vehicle intending to overtake another slow moving vehicle, without causing any inconvenience (or) possibility of accident to the traffic in the opposite direction in called overtaking sight distance (or) safe passing sight distance.

37. Define design speed?

Design speed can be defined as the speed which is permissible for safe and comfortable driving on a given surface of the highway.

38. What are the two effects of centrifugal force?

1. Tendency to overturn the vehicle.

2. Tendency to skid the vehicle laterally.

39. Define super elevation?

The outer edge of the road in raised above the inner edge

called super elevation (or) cant (or) banking.

40. What is the elation between super elevation, continuant of friction and centrifugal force

elf = v2 127R e = super elevation whose value is taken an 40 (or) 1/15 f = Lateral frictional coefficient whose value in,R = Radian of curve in metros ,g = 9.8,V = speed of vehicle in m/sec.

41. What is the maximum rules of super elevation ?

v2 e = ----225R

This formula assumer that centrifugal force corresponding to 75% of the designed speed is balanced by super elevation and the next winter acted by the side friction.

42. Define horizontal curve?

It is a curve in plan to provide change in the direction of the central time by the road surface.

43. What are the factors attesting the design of curve?

1. Design speed of the vehicle

2. Allowable friction

3. Maximum allowable super elevation.

4. Permissible centrifugal ration.

44. Define vertical curve?

It is a curve in the longitudinal section of a highway to provide a easy change of the gradient.

45. What are curve used in a highway.

1. Circular curve

2. Transition curve

3. Parabolic curve

46. What is the value of radian of the simple curve?

R= 1720m app

47. Define compound curve?

A compound curve currish of a serial of hoot (or) more simple curve that run in the same direction and joint at common tangent point.

48. Define Reverse curve?

A reverse curve consist of two simple curve opposite direction that point at the common tangent point. This common point in called the point of reverse curve

49. What are the types of transition curve?

1. True spiral (or clothed.

2. cubic spiral.

3. cubic parabolic.

4. Lemniscate’s.

50. What are characteristics of Transition curve?

1. It should meet the straight path tangentially

2. It should meet the circular curve tangentially

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DC MOTORS AND GENERATORS - SERIES, SHUNT, AND COMPOUND

DC MOTORS AND GENERATORS - DESIGN, APPLICATION, AND OPERATION OF BASIC, SERIES, SHUNT, AND COMPOUND

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DC Motor - Principle and Working

DC Motor - Principle and Working :


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